What is Clostridium botulinum?

Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) is a rod-shaped, anaerobic (low-oxygen) bacterium that produces a potent neurotoxin causing the disease botulism. This bacterium produces heat-resistant spores found in soil and marine sediments, which can grow into active bacteria and release the lethal botulinum toxin under low-oxygen conditions, leading to muscle paralysis.  

Key Characteristics

·         Gram-positive and rod-shaped: It is classified as a Gram-positive bacterium and has a rod shape. 

·         Anaerobic: C. botulinum thrives in environments with little to no oxygen, which is why it can grow in improperly canned foods or wounds. 

·         Spore-forming: It produces protective endospores that allow it to survive for long periods until conditions are favorable for growth and toxin production.